About This Coffee
Finca El Jaguar and Wildlife Reserve is an emblematic producer of specialty coffee with a focus on both quality and sustainability. The farm is a family-operated farm located in the Isabelia mountain range in Jinotega, Nicaragua. In the early 1990s, conservationists, bird researchers and coffee lovers Liliana Chavarría and Georges Duriaux founded the farm with the goal of integrating sustainable coffee production with environmental conservation. The farm extends over 50 hectares of Rainforest Alliance-certified agroforestry at an elevation of 1,300 to 1,400 meters above sea level. The surrounding area of 110 hectares is cloud forest under conservation. The farm is renowned for its commitment to preserving biodiversity, hosting 383 bird species (50% of Nicaraguan bird species) and supporting extensive environmental education and reforestation projects in surrounding communities. El Jaguar implements various sustainable farming techniques, such as using a nursery system with grafting methods to improve plant production and disease resistance. The farm also utilizes compost made from post-harvest pulp, eliminating the need for chemical fertilizers. The presence of trees on the farm provides numerous ecosystem services, including microclimate regulation, pollination, and biological pest control, all contributing to the farm's sustainability and productivity.
Cultivation
Jinotega, located in the northern part of Nicaragua is one of the primary coffee-growing regions of the country. The favorable climate and the rich volcanic soil contribute to the unique flavor profiles of the coffees, characterized by smooth body and notes of chocolate, tropical fruit and floral undertones. Finca El Jaguar primarily grows red and yellow Catuaí, Java, Maracaturra, Casiopea (H8), and H3 coffee varieties.
Java is a high-quality variety common in Central America, renowned for its quality and resistance to major diseases. Originally introduced to the island of Java from Ethiopia by the Dutch and later brought to Cameroon by a local farmer, it arrived in Costa Rica in 1991 through the Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), by breeder Benoit Bertrand. Java’s tolerance to coffee berry disease might represent a potential alternative to Geisha and it is well adapted for smallholder farmers using low inputs.
Harvest & Post-Harvest
Ripe cherry is selectively handpicked and sorted by flotation before pulping. It is then pulped in an ecological mill that reduces water contamination by 50%. After pulping, the cherry is fermented in concrete piles for 20 to 36 hours, depending on the weather, and then washed in clean water. The parchment is transported to Beneficio Seco Don Esteban for drying. It takes around 12 days for the parchment to reach the optimal moisture content and be ready for hulling.
About Java
Java is a high-quality variety common to Central America. Its high disease tolerance and low fertilizer requirement makes it a great choice for smallholder farmers focused on specialty production. Descended from the Ethiopian landrace variety, Abyssinia, the Dutch introduced the variety to the Indonesian island of Java in the early 19th century. The cup quality can rival Geisha yet is easier to cultivate and more disease resistant as well.
Rainforest Alliance
RFA stands for Rainforest Alliance, a certification system that emphasizes climate-smart agriculture. RFA farms have at least 40% of land covered by canopy, significant species diversity (at least 12 native tree species per hectare, on average) and a system of natural vegetation buffers between agricultural land and bodies of water. The farms also use organic fertilizers.
Coffee in Nicaragua
Nicaragua may not be the most famous producer of Central American coffee, but it has great potential. The country is known as the land of ‘los lagos y los volcanes’ (lakes and volcanos) and has many coffee growing ‘pockets’ that few have heard of or experienced. Many producers in the country are experimenting with new varieties and processing methods, making it a specialty origin to watch.
Many coffee producers in Nicaragua today are buoyed by cooperatives that provide a wide array of services, supports and opportunity. As seen in the win of the ‘El Acuerdo de las Tunas’, where 3,000 landless workers won land rights, collective action by farmers can be far more effective at enacting widespread change than the advocacy of individual farmers.
Cooperatives and farmer associations in Nicaragua encompass a large percentage of the country’s coffee producers, and they are taking their destiny in their own hands. By putting great emphasis on quality and by aiming for the international specialty coffee industry, cooperatives and farmers associations are helping their members gain influence and import that will, hopefully, garner enough profit to enable farmers to continue to improve and invest in their farms and their families.
Large and medium-sized (10+ hectare) farms also hold a significant place in Nicaragua’s coffee landscape, as well. Many of these farms have also prioritized social and environmental issues and are working on quality improvements at both cultivation and post-harvest levels.
Farmers, for the most part, will process coffee on their own farms, and the majority of the time coffee is dried on large drying patios under sun.